Oxytocin is a hormone and neurotransmitter that is produced in the hypothalamus and released into the bloodstream by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. It is sometimes referred to as the “love hormone” or “cuddle hormone” as it is involved in social bonding, sexual behavior, and childbirth.
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Biosynthesis
Oxytocin is a hormone that is produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland. It is produced in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus and is released in pulses into the bloodstream during social interaction, sexual activity, childbirth, and nursing.
Oxytocin stimulates contractions of the uterus during labor and increases the production of milk by the mammary glands.
The synthesis of oxytocin begins in the hypothalamus. The prohormone pre-pro-oxytocin is synthesized from the amino acids L-cysteine, L-tryptophan, and L-tyrosine. This is then converted to the prohormone pro-oxytocin, which is then cleaved into the peptide hormones oxytocin and neurophysin I.
The oxytocin is then released into the bloodstream, where it binds to oxytocin receptors on the myoepithelial cells of the mammary glands, and the myometrium of the uterus. The neurophysin I is released into the hypothalamus and binds to its receptors, where it can modulate the release of oxytocin.
Functions
It is responsible for the production of milk in breastfeeding mothers and is thought to increase trust and reduce fear in adults. Oxytocin may also play a role in reducing stress, improving memory, and enhancing communication.
Oxytocin is released as part of the stimulation of sensory neurons at birth, during breastfeeding, and during physical activity, such as hugging or cuddling, hand-holding, kissing, and can increase feelings of trust and connection which are all activities that are associated with love, and affection.
Oxytocin is also released during sex, which is another activity associated with love. Additionally, oxytocin is linked to trust and empathy, two other important components of love.
It has been studied for its potential to treat a variety of conditions, including depression, autism, and anxiety.
Biochemistry
It is composed of nine amino acids and has a molecular weight of 1007 Da. The primary active ingredient in oxytocin is the peptide hormone oxytocin. It is composed of nine amino acids: cysteine, tyrosine, isoleucine, glutamine, asparagine, cysteine, proline, leucine, and glycine.
Sequence: Cysteine–Tyrosine–Isoleucine–Glutamine–Asparagine–Cysteine–Proline–Leucine–Glycineamide (CYIQNCPLG‐NH2).
The additional ingredients in oxytocin products may vary depending on the manufacturer, but typically include preservatives, buffers, and salts to help stabilize the hormone.
The normal quantity of oxytocin in the human body
The normal quantity of oxytocin in the human body is not well-defined, as it can vary significantly between individuals and fluctuate depending on a range of factors. In general, it is believed that the average concentration of oxytocin in the human body is around 0.2-2 nanograms per milliliter (ng/ml).
Interference of oxytocin in the human body
Oxytocin is a hormone that plays an important role in the body, particularly in the reproductive system. It is released during labor and helps to stimulate contractions of the uterus, as well as milk production in the breasts. It is also involved in social bonding, sexual arousal, and stress relief.
Oxytocin has been found to have a variety of effects on the body, including reducing stress, increasing trust, and promoting relaxation. It has also been linked to improved communication and better relationships.